Phinisi Berlayar Sampai ke Madagaskar

Kawasan pembuatan perahu phinisi terletak di Kabupaten Bulukumba, sekitar 150 kilometer dari Kota Makassar. Karenanya Kabupaten Bulukumba juga populer sebagai Butta Panrita Lopi (kampung ahli perahu), Masyarakatnya terkenal sangat piawai dalam membuat perahu phinisi yang diwarisi secara turun temurun.Perajin perahu akan ditemukan di hampir setiap pesisir pantai Bulukumba.
Untuk sampai ke lokasi pembuatan perahu phinisi di Bulukumba, tepatnya di Tana Beru,
dibutuhkan sekitar lima hingga tujuh jam perjalanan lewat darat dari Kota Makassar. Di pesisir pantai berjarak 24 kilometer dari Ibu Kota Bulukumba inilah tempat pertama kalinya perahu Phinisi Nusantara diluncurkan untuk mengarungi SamudPera Pasifik hingga ke Vancouver, Kanada, dengan dikomandoi nakhoda Ammanagappa. hinisi ini berlayar sampai Madagaskar, juga Hati Marege dan Damar Sagara yang masing-masing berlayar ke Australia dan Negeri Sakura, Jepang.

Pembuatan perahu diawali dengan upacara ritual spesifik yang sarat dengan nilai-nilai budaya setempat. Perahu dibuat menggunakan kayu pilihan, dengan memadukan keterampilan teknis dan kekuatan magis

Pada setiap bagian kapal sarat dengan falsafah hidup. Masyarakat setempat yakin bahwa kemampuan mereka membuat perahu lebih karena kedekatan mereka pada alam dan “sukma” laut. Keahlian para panrita lopi dari Bulukumba sudah terkenal sampai ke mancanegara. Umumnya adalah pesanan orang Eropa.

Teknik pembuatan kapal tradisional phinisi yang dibuat masyarakat Bulukumba terbilang unik, karena tidak lazim dan menyimpang dari teori umum teknik perkapalan

Kalau pada pembuatan perahu modern yang dibuat terlebih dahulu adalah rangka kapal kemudian diberi dinding, maka perahu yang dibuat orang di Tanah Beru justru kebalikannya. untuk membuat perahu itu, mereka membuat dinding dahulu, baru kemudian diberi kerangka atau solloro.

Namun anehnya, saat proses pengapungan kapal di lautan, desain kapal yang biasanya tanpa gambar dan hanya mengikuti naluri si pembuatnya, justru memiliki keseimbangan yang luar biasa. Lebih kuat dan tahan ombak dibandingkan dengan perahu yang dibangun mulai dari rangkanya dulu.

Kapal phinisi sesuai desain awalnya, juga tidak menggunakan paku melainkan pasak kayu dan kulit kayu untuk menutupi celah-celah dinding perahu.

Orang Bugis Mendahului Inggris ke Australia

Orang mengenal Australia adalah daerah koloni Inggris yang dirintis sejak tahun 1788 sebagai tempat pembuangan para narapidana dan pelacur. Tapi berdasar penelitian berbagai literatur menunjukkan bahwa orang orang Bugis telah berlayar ke Australia untuk mencari tripang sebelum penjelajah Eropa mencapai benua itu.

Hanya saja, orang Bugis (Sulawesi) tidak mengklaim dan tidak menjadikan penduduk asli Aborigin sebagai bawahannya. Berbeda dengan orang Inggris yang menguasai benua Kanguru tersebut.

Dalam sejarah Indonesia, orang Bugis terkenal dengan kapal Pinisi telah menjelajah perairan di nusantara hingga ke Madagaskar di Afrika pada abad ke- 2, abad ke-4 dan abad ke-10. Sedangkan pada masa Sriwijaya, orang Bugis juga berlayar hingga ke Australia dan Afrika lagi pada abad ke-17.

Orang menyebut Bugis pada waktu itu sebenarnya meliputi sub suku Konjo, Mandar, Bugis dan Makassar. Jenis kapal kayu pinisi telah mengambil peran penting dalam sejarah pelayaran Indonesia selama berabad-abad.

Pada awalnya, orang-orang Eropa tidak tertarik menjadikan Australia sebagai koloni mereka. Namun, belakangan Inggris merasa terpukul karena koloninya yang paling penting di benua Amerika memerdekakan diri pada tahun 1776 yaitu Amerika Serikat.

Inggrisi juga dipusingkan oleh sistem penjara mereka yang tak lagi mampu menampung para narapidana. Maka Australia pun mulai dilirik sebagai tanah yang menjanjikan bagi pembentukan koloni baru. Inggris kemudian memutuskan untuk mengirim para narapidana yang sudah tak bisa ditampung penjara-penjara Inggris ke Australia menjadi generasi awal yang membangun koloni di sana.

Dalam tulisan Alwi Alatas, doktor bidang sejarah di Universiti Islam Antarabangsa MalingSea yang dikutip hidayatullah, menjelaskan pembentukan koloni baru ini bermula pada Januari 1788.

Sejak tahun itu Inggris mengirim para narapidana ke Australia secara bertahap hingga pertengahan abad 19 telah terkirim 150.000 orang. Dua puluh persen dari jumlah ini merupakan kaum perempuan dan berprofesi sebagai pelacur.

Setelah perekonomian koloni mulai berkembang, para imigran bukan narapidana dari berbagai negara Eropa mulai berdatangan ke benua Australia. Walau begitu, para narapidanalah yang telah memulai sejarah Australia modern.

Orang-orang dan anak-anak keturunan narapidana dan pelacurlah yang menjadi generasi awal pembentuk masyarakat dan negara Australia yang kini telah maju. Sejak itu terbuka jalan bagi terbentuknya peradaban baru di dua benua yang sangat besar yaitu Amerika dan Australia.

Dari Berbagai Sumber 

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The Legends, The Pride of Indonesia and The Forgotten

That is the story 23 years ago. The mission is designed to cruise the archipelago Phinisi participate in Expo ’86, held in Vancouver, Canada. The entire project was initiated cruise and managed by Phinisi Indonesia Raya (YPIR) who chaired Admiral TNI (Ret.), bulb weight Update. Ship that has a length of 37 meters and weighing 120 tonnes of this historic voyage began on July 9, 1986.

Departing from the pier fishing Muara Baru, North Jakarta with the aim of Vancouver. Shipping routes traversed by a rough with waves reportedly up to 7 meters tall. Much higher than power lines. Moreover, according to Capt.. Gita, they must sail against the wind. After driving as far as 10 600-mile voyage that took over 68 days they finally reach the destination successfully, Vancouver.

Timber Ship with an International Reputation

Marine Plaza at the port, the ship and its crew a lot of acclaim from the Vancouver community. They say every day the ship was visited by no less than 3,000 visitors. Especially on September 21, 1986,  25 000 visitors visited the Phinisi archipelago. City of Vancouver’s maritime history has particularly long. For them, the arrival of Phinisi Nusantara, a timber ship with an international reputation for successfully crossing the Pacific Ocean was really enthusiastic attention. Reportedly, the arrival of the archipelago in the arena Phinisi Expo ’86 with immediate alacrity to make a stand Indonesia rarely visited by people who originally was suddenly full of visitors.

Indonesia stands even got an award in the form of railway spikes, which is a symbol of commemoration of 100 years of Trans Canada who became a symbol of past transportation. This award is only given to the three participating countries Expo ’86 which was considered the most spectacular. Nusantara Phinisi time it really catapulted the name of Indonesia in international eyes.

Internationally, Pinisi welknown since 1906 ago. The boat is the most modern form of traditional ships Bugis-Makassar people who have undergone a long evolutionary process. The ship was built as a sailing boat with two poles and seven to eight strands of the screen. In general these are small boats with a capacity between 20 to 30 tons and length between 10 to 15 meters. Almost the entire manufacture of boats made with simple techniques and use the power of the engine is very minimal.

Flashback History of the Phinisi Sailing Boat

At the southern tip of Sulawesi island, local people built a nautical tradition for hundreds of years. The stories about the courage of the sailors Bugis, Makassar, Mandar, and Konjo has become a byword down to a distant country across the ocean. The beauty and robustness in the face of malignancy boat ocean waves, has produced stories of heroism are admirable.

The story of the boat from Tanah Beru, Phinisi and the sailors from the Bira, Bulukumba, who drove it, now is not the familiar story. But not many realize greatness of sailors from the southern tip of Sulawesi, was built from a long tradition. This culture is based on the myth of the creation of the first boat by their ancestors.

Once Upon A Time in the mythology of Beru Land community, the ancestors they created a bigger boat to sail the seas, carrying merchandise and catch fish. When the first boat made, boat succesfully at sea. But an accident happened on the  Sea. Waves and storm struck the boat and destroy it. Body parts dumped in the village of Ara boats, sails and landed at Cape Bira it landed in the Land of Lemo.

The incident seemed to be a symbolic message for the Ara village. They must beat the sea with their cooperation. Since the incident, people only specialize Ara as the boat maker. People who acquire the remaining screens pleased specialized boat to learn astrology and the signs of nature. Lemo-Lemo While people are entrepreneurs who memodali and use the boat. The tradition of segregation of duties that has lasted for years that finally led to the creation of a traditional wooden boat called Phinisi.

Full Ritul in Pinisi Boat Building

Now the mystical beliefs of the ancient mythology is still strong in every process of making Phinisi. Beginning with a small ritual, boats Phinisi made after cutting ceremony in full. The ceremony was presided over by a boat handler called Panrita Lopi.Various offerings to the requirement that they not be left in this ceremony as all snacks should taste sweet and a white rooster was still healthy. Snacks in order to generate the desire of the owner of the boat will bring higher profits. A little blood from a white cock attached to the boat hull. The ritual as a symbol of hope that no blood spilled on the boat that will be created.

Then, his head cut off both ends of the hull builders and submit it to the boat-making leader. The tip pieces settled to the sea front in the exhaust as a sign that the boat can be fused with the waves in the ocean. Being settled back in pieces thrown to the ground as far as boats go to sea reminded that he should return safely to shore. In the end, proclaiming Lopi Panrita prayers before the Creator.

Parts of the ship phinisi

1. Anjong, the triangle in front as ballast.
2. Sombala aka the main screen, large size reaches 200 m.
3. Triangular Tanpasere small screen in each main pole.
4. Cocoro pantara or auxiliary display in front.
5. Aka tangnga Cocoro auxiliary screen in the middle.
6. Tarengke auxiliary screen in the background.

Best Quality Schooner Producer in the World in Bulukumba

Indonesia today is being filled with the hustle and bustle of the interests of many parties. Things that should be considered instead to be ignored. The things that once made this country proud, now forgotten. While most of our territory is ocean. But instead of getting behind our oceans. Like the fate of the archipelago that now terlunta Phinisi-stranded even if they’ve scored remarkable achievements. And maybe have a lot of Indonesian people who can not remember the song “My ancestors sailors.”

Related to this story phinisi ship, had no fear of the people in Bulukumba, South Sulawesi, that phinisi ship design will be submitted by the foreign patent rights. Given the manufacturing centers phinisi boat or Phinisi vessel of the largest in the world is located outside of Indonesia. Examples centers that only exist in several countries such as Japan, Australia, Malaysia and Brunei. Previously, Bulukumba already famous as a first producer of phinisi ship with the best quality.

This notorious oceans conquered by a ship made of wood, Phinisi Archipelago. Although initially the mission of this spectacular cruise doubt many people, but Capt. Ardjakusuma Gita along with 11 people crew managed to accomplish this task properly. Obstacles on the path to the notoriously dangerous voyage in the Pacific Ocean can be overcome by good until Phinisi Nusantara safely docked in Vancouver.

Perhaps many of the Squire who still remember about a sailing ship made of wood and named Phinisi Archipelago. This ship has a name that is legendary and almost all sailors in this country knows this name. Phinisi Nusantara has indeed been noted as successful historic voyage across the Pacific Ocean to get to Vancouver, Canada.

 

 

 

Mythology and Legend Boats Phinisi In Tanahberu

One day a pilolog Bugis, Doctoral Nurhayati Rahman, opened the library closet and grabbed a book of ancient literature Bugis La Galigo. He read a verse about the oral tradition of the Bugis boat philosophical: "If you are having difficulties at sea, then palingkanlah boat to the right seven times. If it had not given way, palingkanlah boat to the left of seven times. If that was not given path, then you take trouble.

Meaningful descriptions that accompany the trip in a boat that was speeding down the middle of the ocean. The boat and the sea is indeed a major part of philosophy, behavior, and everyday citizens Bugis and the tribes on the island of Sulawesi. They are not only known as a tough sailor or a skilled fisherman. But, also as a maker of wooden boats that are reliable. And of course with traditional technology. The conclusion was not only recorded in ancient manuscripts La Galigo, but also in real evidence shown boat makers in Bulukumba, South Sulawesi.

In the coastal village of Tana Beru, Bulukumba, Baso Muslim Hajj is known as a reliable boat maker. One morning he was with the courtier and his Sahi preparing to launch a boat engine to sea. Boat owned by the World Wildlife Protection Agency or the WWF it was his work over the last two months. And now the "baby" is getting ready to be presented to the natural world.

A baby would be born to earth. And the Muslim Hajj Baso is "mother" the red baby who was getting ready to start a new life in nature mortal. For the citizens of the Bugis, boat makers could be likened to a mother with a boat as a baby. Because between them is not only bound in a relationship maker and an inanimate object. But deep in the well established a strong bond nan. Like the mother and the baby.

Because of that, when the Sahi work hard off the boat to sea, the Muslim Hajj baso also feel the blend of joy and compassion as a mother who was giving birth. He is one of the leading boat maker in the village of Tana Beru, Bulukumba, South Sulawesi. He is the designer and supervisor each making a boat or a courtier. While executing the design is the Sahi or builder.

Sea and is a life boat and Bugis tribes in the Celebes Sea, the old name of Sulawesi. Because the philosophy, attitudes and ways of thinking they are generally always associated with the sea and boats. The linkage was so evident in the exposure codex Bugis La Galigo. Unravel the exact time travel story Sawerigading to the Land of China or China with a large boat. The codex is described as well as large boats bringing people and plants.

Arguably, the Bugis people have their own technique in making the boat. Ritual is the first step prior to the felling of trees to make a boat hull or kalabiseang. Afterwards, the Sahi grabbed his tool and smooth the keel boat in the shipyard called bantilang.

After the keel boat or kalabiseang is refined, the Sahi also placed two boats in the barn cantilever tip and tail boat called sotting. Next hull boat or boat fitted skin, forming a boat. This difference Bugis boat building than a modern boat. This is because the Bugis boat is made by first making the stomach, after which the new case. It is clearly different from the modern boat building first contrived a new chassis and hull.

For the Muslim Hajj Baso, traditional techniques provide advantages in the use of raw materials. Therefore, the skin can be formed according to the design of the boat without a lot of wood waste. And long before the work Sahi, Haji Muslim Baso as a retainer will design and production plans into account.

Well, based on that count, he can estimate the raw material needs, length of employment / number of Sahi and production costs. Results count is then used as a benchmark price and presented to customers by the local residents called sambalu.

Buginese Boat has a long record in the life of the tribes on the island of Sulawesi. A number of archaeologists noted, traditional industries have been started since the reign of the Kingdom of Gowa or hundreds of years ago. And when opening the back pages of the papyrus codex La Galigo, that time is in the seventh century, or at least a XII century AD.

The Bugis people from the village of Ara in the region Bulukumba, often also called Ara person listed as the Bugis boat makers are skilled. They not only make the boat to find fish or bernelayan needs, but also for transportation. In fact, a big boat to trade, such as the dilakoni Sawerigading yore.

Because of this, the Bugis boat has many varieties and sizes. From large to small. Uniquely, the boats have a distinctive name, such Pajjala, Banggo or Sandek. Later, type Phinisi more so-called typical Bugis boat.

Beyond the historical record and philosophical messages, tribal bugis and also other tribes on the island of Sulawesi, known to be close to the myth. In fact, the skills to make the boat people in this Bulukumba region is often associated with myth.

Sahibul saga, when the boats were destroyed in the waters belonging Sawerigading Tanjung Bira, Bulukumba, the screen is stranded on the island of Bira. While flake hull boat stranded in the village of Ara. In the end, Tanjung Bira became the birthplace of the sailors are tough. And until recently, the sailors from Tanjung Bira has spread almost to the entire archipelago. While the village of Ara become village birth skilled boat makers.

Proved up to now along the coast Tana Beru, Bulukumba, still enlivened by a variety of boat building activity. They serve orders not only from domestic but also overseas.

Muslim Hajj Baso actually comes from the village of Ara. However, during the last twenty years, he was actually residing in the village of Tana Beru. There, he learned to make the boat since the age of 16 years. And at the age of 21 years, he has been able to be a retainer of a boat building. No wonder, if this time he did not know the exact number of boats that have been finished.

That light, he has a lot to make the boat to a stranger. As a result Bugis boat also has spread to other countries as the porters boat or tour boat. Similarly, at this time. Motor boat that was dilarungkan into the sea that was the order of a non-governmental organizations (NGOs), foreigner. He and his sahinya make the boat since six months ago.

The story of greatness with shipping Sawerigading Bugis Bugis boats such as exposure in the codex La Galigo proved not merely fiction. You see, anyone can now see the legacy of expertise and skills handed down by their ancestors Bugis in Tana Beru, Bulukumba.

Apart from pride, the Bugis people actually read the ancient literature of exposure in La Galigo. Especially those dealing with marine symbols boat as the teaching of life. Exactly like the Bugis philosophy of life.

Finally, "the baby" was born into the world, while accompanied by tug relieved breath "mother". This means a Bugis boat has been in the high seas. So the duty of the retainer and the sahi ended. Struggle for about six months along with a three-day process pelarungan seemed full paid. Ie, it float Bugis boat.

So, the story of the Bugis boat maker ends with joy. And once again the Muslim Hajj Baso established himself as one of the Bugis people. And not only skillfully made the traditional boat, he also managed to prove the greatness of his ancestors who have a long history in the sea.